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Hugo: Deploy SFTP

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Description

To deploy a static website, made with Hugo, some solutions exist:

  • the easy is with the tool rsync .
  • automated deployment solutions.
  • I review a third for users SSH, under chroot contraints.

Into the simple context deployment, you need to create a file named deploy at the root of your Hugo project.

Utilisation

rsync

To deploy a site with rsync is really simple. rsync is the tool to synchronize datas; it’s just do it!

Install the tool:

  • on Debian/*Buntu : # apt install rsync
  • on OpenBSD : # pkg_add rsync - FYI , since OpenBSD 6.5, it exists the tool openrsync; it’s subject to the same problem described below!

I presume you had an authentification SSH, with key is better.

#!/bin/sh

user=userid
host=servername
port=22

dir_dist=/remote_folder/
file_id="$HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519"

hugo && rsync -avz --delete -e "ssh -i ${file_id} -p ${port}" public/ "${user}"@"${host}":"${dir_dist}"

This example show the deployment with rsync using a SSH connection.

SshFS

SshFS can be install with the package manager:

  • on Debian/*Buntu : # apt install sshfs
  • on OpenBSD : # pkg_add sshfs

Once the connection is established, the remote folder is mounted locally where you desired.

Now, it’s time to use rsync as: cd "${dir_local}" && rsync -av --delete --human-readable --progress --stats "." "${dir_mount}"

To unmount correctly: $ doas umount "${dir_mount}"

With this in mind, see the file deploy under this SshFS+rsync context:

#!/bin/sh
#set -x
[ -n "$TERM" ] && clear

ROOT="$(dirname "$(readlink -f -- "$0")")"

id=userid
host=servername
port=22

### the directory where your web site files should go
## dir_dist: relative to chroot SSH
dir_dist="/www/"
dir_local="$ROOT/public/"
dir_mount="$HOME/servers/${id}/"

file_id="$HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519"

rsync_opts="--human-readable --progress --stats "

################################################################################
###
##
#   Fonctions
##
###
################################################################################

_mount() {
    [ ! -d "${dir_mount}" ] && mkdir -p "${dir_mount}"    
    # for Debian
	[ -d "${dir_mount}" ] && sshfs -C -p $port -o uid=$(id -u $USER) -o gid=$(id -g $USER) -o IdentityFile="${file_id}" ${id}@${host}:${dir_dist} "${dir_mount}"
	# for OpenBSD
    [ -d "${dir_mount}" ] && doas sshfs -C -p "${port}" -o allow_other -o uid=$(id -u $USER) -o gid=$(id -g $USER) -o IdentityFile="${file_id}" "${id}"@"${host}":"${dir_dist}" "${dir_mount}"
}

_rsync() {

    cd "${dir_local}" || exit
    rsync -av --delete $rsync_opts "." "${dir_mount}"

}

_umount() {
	fusermount -u "${dir_mount}"	# for Debian
    doas umount "${dir_mount}" # for OpenBSD
}

################################################################################
###
##
#   Execution
##
###
################################################################################

hugo
status="$?"

if [ "${status}" -eq 0 ]; then
    if _mount; then
        _rsync
        _umount
    fi
fi
Warning

lftp

lftp is a “Swiss Army knife” for the network connection. It run FTP(S), HTTP(S) protocols, on IPv4, IPv6; and too, bittorent and partial WebDAV. It can be mirroring documents and folders. And: SFTP!

Yes, you can mirror datas on SFTP!

To install by the package manager:

  • on Debian/*Buntu : # apt install lftp
  • on OpenBSD : # pkg_add lftp

See, this instance deployment:

#!/bin/sh
#set -x
[ -n "$TERM" ] && clear

ROOT="$(dirname "$(readlink -f -- "$0")")"

id=userid
host=servername
port=22

### the directory where your web site files should go
## dir_dist: relative to chroot SSH
dir_dist="/www/"
dir_local="$ROOT/public/"

file_id="$HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519"

hugo
lftp -e "set ftp:ssl-allow no; set sftp:connect-program ssh -a -x -i ${file_id}; mirror -e -R ${dir_local} ${dir_dist}; quit;" -p "${port}" sftp://"${id}":"${passwd}"@"${host}"

rclone

rclone is a very powerfull CLI tool to duplicate on stockage solution, as Cloud, differents filesystems, but too with SFTP.

Install by the package manager:

  • on Debian/*Buntu: # apt install rclone
  • on OpenBSD: # pkg_add rclone

In first, you need to configure by using the option config: $ rclone config

  1. Name your remote access, as you wish. This will be use as remote name connexion.
  2. Choose absolutly SFTP connexion, to write sftp when the invite asks.

See the documentation Rclone:SFTP!

File config: ~/.config/rclone/rclone.conf, by default.

Here this instance configuration:

[nom_remote]
type = sftp
host = adresse_ip ou FQDN
user = id_ssh
port = 22
key_file = ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
key_use_agent = true
pubkey_file = ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
use_insecure_cipher = false
md5sum_command = none
sha1sum_command = none

And here, this instance deployment:

#!/bin/sh
#set -x
[ -n "$TERM" ] && clear

ROOT="$(dirname "$(readlink -f -- "$0")")"

id=userid
host=servername
port=22

### the directory where your web site files should go
## dir_dist: relative to chroot SSH
dir_dist="/www/"
dir_local="$ROOT/public/"

file_id="$HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519"

rclone_remote="nom_remote"

hugo
rclone sync -i "${dir_local}" "${rclone_remote}":"${dir_dist}"

FIN

Voila: This is the end!

Now, you known how to deploy your static website Hugo, with rsync/ssh, sshfs+rsync, lftp, or even by rclone.

Documentation